開心度問卷調查報告2011
2011年4月19日
開心依然，但生活質素轉差，工作家庭失衡，經濟預期轉趨審慎
香港樹仁大學
袁偉基博士，麥哲華博士
開心依然
由樹仁大學袁偉基教授和麥哲華教授統籌下，於今年三月最後兩個星期，進行了一項市民開心度的問卷調查。調查以電話隨機抽樣及電郵方式，成功訪問了1304人。調查結果顯示，有80%受訪市民認為自己現在的生活開心，此比率與上年一樣。由此看來，市民生活開心的現況，不會受突如其來的日本地震，或不理想的財政預算案所影響。
現在的生活是否開心？
|
|
肯定不開心 |
頗不開心 |
頗開心 |
肯定開心 |
|
2011年 (1304人) |
3% |
17% |
59% |
21% |
|
2010年 (851人) |
3% |
18% |
58% |
22% |
|
2009年 (1255人) |
6% |
21% |
57% |
16% |
|
2008年 (2790人) |
5% |
17% |
59% |
19% |
生活質素轉差
調查又發現，認為今年的生活質素相比去年有所改善的受訪市民，由去年的44%跌至今年的35%；相反，認為今年的生活質素相比去年變差的受訪市民，由去年的14%急升至今年的21%。可見縱使經濟持續暢旺，但樓價高企以及物價上升的問題持續困擾市民，令大眾市民感生活質素未能追上經濟增長。
今年的生活質素
|
|
比去年差 |
與去年一樣 |
比去年好 |
|
2011年 |
21% |
44% |
35% |
|
2010年 |
14% |
43% |
44% |
工作家庭失衡
調查亦發現，工作與家庭平衡的滿意度由去年的44%跌至今年的40%，另對工作與家庭平衡的不滿意度由去年的18%升至今年的21%，明顯地市民的工作壓力愈來愈大，以及工時長，令他們要花大量的時間在工作上，而忽略了與家人相聚的時間，最終令他們的生活質素變差。
工作與家庭平衡的滿意度
|
|
不滿意 |
一般 |
滿意 |
|
2011年 |
21% |
39% |
40% |
|
2010年 |
18% |
37% |
45% |
經濟預期轉趨審慎
數據亦顯示，預期今年經濟較去年好的受訪市民，由去年的49%跌至今年的44%；預期今年經濟較去年差的受訪市民，由去年的18%升至今年的25%，可見市民對今年的經濟前景趨於審慎態度。調查發現有71%受訪市民認為擁有自己的物業是重要的，可是有82%受訪市民皆認為現在比以前更難實現置業的目標。今年的樓價持續高企，物價不斷上升，最終會成為今年的經濟隱憂。
明年整體經濟
|
|
比今年差 |
與今年一樣 |
比今年好 |
|
2011年 |
25% |
31% |
44% |
|
2010年 |
18% |
33% |
49% |
貧富開心差距減少
調查亦發現，家庭月入少於8000元受訪者中，只有71%認為今年開心，相比家庭月入30000元以上的87%受訪者明顯少16個百分點，此貧富開心差距回復到08年金融海嘯前。
貧富現在的生活開心比率
|
|
家庭月入少於8000元 |
家庭月入
30000元或以上 |
貧富開心差距 |
|
2011年 |
71% |
87% |
16% |
|
2010年 |
66% |
89% |
23% |
|
2009年 |
64% |
81% |
17% |
|
2008年 |
69% |
85% |
16% |
低收入人士感工作與家庭失衡
家庭月入少於8000元受訪者中，有33%滿意工作與家庭的平衡度，較去年的41%下降8個百分點；另有27%不滿意工作與家庭的平衡度，較去年的19%上升8個百分點。至於家庭月入30000元以上受訪者中，有47%滿意工作與家庭的平衡度，與去年的46%相若；另有18%不滿意工作與家庭的平衡度，較去年的20%微跌2個百分點。由此觀之，低收入人士面對的工作與家庭失衡情況更甚。
工作與家庭平衡的滿意度
|
|
家庭月入少於8000元 |
家庭月入
30000元或以上 |
||
|
|
不滿意 |
滿意 |
不滿意 |
滿意 |
|
2011年 |
27% |
33% |
18% |
47% |
|
2010年 |
19% |
41% |
20% |
46% |
高低收入人士感生活質素轉差
調查又發現，家庭月入少於8000元受訪者中，有32%認為今年生活質素較去年好的，較去年的34%微調2個百分點；但有30%認為今年生活質素較去年差的，較去年的25%急升5個百分點。至於家庭月入30000元以上受訪者中，有43%認為今年生活質素較去年好的，較去年的54%大幅下降11個百分點；更甚的是，有13%認為今年生活質素較去年差的，較去年的8%急升近六成。可見高收入人士亦難逃生活質素轉差的境況，此與樓價波動所造成打擊有關。
今年的生活質素
|
|
家庭月入少於8000元 |
家庭月入
30000元或以上 |
||
|
|
比去年差 |
比去年好 |
比去年差 |
比去年好 |
|
2011年 |
30% |
32% |
13% |
43% |
|
2010年 |
25% |
34% |
8% |
54% |
離婚人士最不開心
調查發現，最不開心的群組是離婚人士。當中有60%離婚人士之所以感到不開心，與工作與家庭失衡有關。數據顯示，離婚人士感到工作與家庭平衡不滿意的有45%，另有48%離婚人士認為生活質素有下降。
袁偉基:香港樹仁大學，經濟與民生研究計劃統籌，電話：9729-6685, 2806-5171
行政助理陳智豪: 聯絡電話：28065179 Fax: 2806-8044
Mark
Greene 麥哲華:香港樹仁大學，輔導及心理學系，電話：6231-0610,
2104-8264
19 April 2011 –
For Immediate Release
Overall
levels of self-reported happiness maintain in Hong Kong: 2010-2011
Researchers
Thomas Yuen Wai Kee 袁偉基 and Mark
Greene 麥哲華 of the Economic and
Wellbeing Project at Hong Kong Shue Yan University
queried Hong Kong residents regarding various determents of their happiness for
the fourth consecutive year and have released their preliminary findings.
Of
the 1,304 Hong Kongers polled by phone and email, 80%
reported feeling quite happy or certainly happy, representing no change in the
data collected at the same time last year (80% 2010; 73% 2009; 79% 2008).
When
asked ‘How happy is your life
now?’ 71% of respondents
with monthly household incomes less than $8,000 reported they were either quite
happy or certainly happy, an appreciable increase over the 66% of this same
group who reported similar answers last year.
When
asked about work-family balance, however, respondents with monthly household
incomes less than $8,000 showed a sharp decline in satisfaction (33% 2011; 41%
2010). Of this same group, 27% were certainly dissatisfied with their current
work-family balance this year compared to 19% in 2010.
Overall,
quality of life was rated may be better or certainly better by 35% of our entire
sample. This finding is down sharply from last year but still not as low as
2009 post financial-tsunami levels (35% 2011; 44% 2010; 25% 2009). Upper income
groups, or those households earning $30,000 or more per month, demonstrated a
sharp decline in the overall assessment of the quality of their lives (43%
2011; 54% 2010).
The
apparent contradiction presented by stable happiness levels and a lower quality
of life assessment can be explained by dividing responses as representative of ‘feelings’ and ‘thoughts’, respectively. A
cognitive appreciation of an individual’s
situation, what he or she ‘thinks’ about life is a kind
of life evaluation, whereas high levels of happiness point to how respondents ‘feel’ about their lives
(emotional wellbeing). This distinction has been recently made by Nobel Prize
winning psychologist, Daniel Kahneman (Kahneman & Deaton 2010).
Positive
economic outlook fell significantly this year when compared to last year’s bounce from the 2009
data. This year, 44% of respondents reported promising economic prospects for
2011 (44% 2011; 49% 2010; 4% 2009).
Overall
reported happiness levels see their starkest contrast among two groups of the
population: Only 39% of the divorced population assess
their life as quite happy or certainly happy in contrast to those of other
marital statuses (83% never married; 79% married; 71% separated; 64% widowed).
Although Hong Kong divorce rates have increased 2.5 times over the past 30
years, the incidence of divorce and subsequent subjective wellbeing fallout
does not seem large enough to affect the overall population’s happiness levels.
Although
last year saw a rising trend in respondents feeling certain they were on track
to realizing their full potential only 18% felt the same way in 2011 (18% 2010;
19% 2010; 18% 2009; 17% 2008).
Dr.
Mark Greene, Assistant Professor, Department of Counselling
and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University -
6231-0610, 2104-8264
Mr.
Jeffery Chan, Administrative Executive, 28065179, Fax: 2806-8044
Dr.
YUEN Wai Kee, Assistant
Professor, Department of Economics and Finance, Hong Kong Shue
Yan University - 9729-6685, 2806-5171